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121.
Pilar Santidrián Tomillo Jack S. Suss Bryan P. Wallace Kimberly D. Magrini Gabriela Blanco Frank V. Paladino James R. Spotila 《Marine Biology》2009,156(10):2021-2031
Reproductive output of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) is affected by the stochastic nature of emergence success. Average emergence success of nests at Playa Grande, Costa Rica
was 0.38 ± 0.27. Incubation temperature affected development of leatherback turtle eggs and emergence of hatchlings from the
nest. We found that high temperatures reduced hatching success and emergence rate and increased embryonic mortality both early
and late during incubation at Playa Grande. There was a temporal effect on emergence success that resulted in more hatchlings
being produced at the beginning of the season, because of higher emergence success, than toward the end. Likewise, production
of hatchlings varied from year to year. The average annual reproductive output was 252 ± 141 hatchlings per female. The 2005–2006
nesting season had the highest emergence success and produced the greatest number of hatchlings per female compared to the
2004–2005 (+120%) and 2006–2007 (+41%) seasons. However, average clutch size (62 ± 10) and clutch frequency (9.45 ± 1.63),
were not different among years. Turtles that had nested a high number of years exhibited greater clutch frequency and arrived
earlier to nest than turtles that had nested in fewer numbers of years. Nesting when environmental conditions favor high developmental
success and emergence rate may constitute an advantageous reproductive strategy. 相似文献
122.
Hudson Wallace Pereira Carvalho Ana P. L. Batista Peter Hammer Gustavo H. P. Luz Teodorico C. Ramalho 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(4):343-348
Polysaccharide natural seed coat from the tree Magonia pubescens, in the form of hydrogel was used to remove metals in aqueous solution. Swelling tests indicate that seed coat presents hydrogel
behavior, with maximum water absorption of 292 g water/g. Adsorption experiments performed using Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cr3+, Fe3+ and Zn2+ demonstrated that the polysaccharide structure has a high capacity to extract these ions from the aqueous solution. Scanning
electron microscopy revealed significant morphological changes of the material before and after water contact. Differential
scanning calorimetry measurements indicate a signal shift of the water evaporation temperature in the material with adsorbed
zinc. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis combined with theoretical studies by the density functional theory and on
Hartree–Fock (HF) level evidence that the metallic ions were adsorbed through coordination with hydroxyl groups of polysaccharide.
In the case of Zn2+ the lowest HF energy was observed for the tetracoordination mode, where Zn2+ is coordinated by two hydroxyl groups and two water molecules. 相似文献